4  Environmental

The following includes variables that establish the estuarine setting: rainfall, light intensity, water temperature, and salinity. These variables are driven primarily by climatic patterns and largely influence water quality condition.

4.1 Summary

Rainfall totals for the third quarter of 2024 exceeded the totals for the first and second quarters combined (Figure 4.1). September had the greatest monthly total rainfall for 2024 (Figure 4.1 (b)). September also had the greatest number of rain days exceeding 10 mm/day (Figure 4.1 (c)) and more storms producing heavy rainfall (Figure 4.1 (d)).

September 2004 had the second highest monthly rainfall total recorded at the Pellicer Creek weather station (Table 4.1) and had the greatest amount of rainfall when compared to annual September data (Figure 4.2; Figure 4.2 (a); Figure 4.2 (b)). Total rainfall so far in 2024 is 1090.9 mm (Figure 4.2 (c)).

Light intensity remained high in July and August but decreased drastically in September (Figure 4.3).

Daily average air temperatures were variable during the first part of the year but surprisingly fell within the historical range for the GTMNERR station through September (Figure 4.4). January and March experienced a few daily average air temperature extremes below and above the average range (Figure 4.4).

While there were some low water temperatures in January, daily water temperature averages were generally higher than average throughout the spring and early summer (Figure 4.5). Water temperature decreased in August and September with the onset of the large rain events and as a result water temperatures were below the historic average daily range at all four stations (Figure 4.5 (b); Figure 4.5 (c)).

Rainfall in January brought salinity levels lower than their average daily ranges (Figure 4.6), particularly at the stations farthest from the inlets (Figure 4.6 (a); Figure 4.6 (d)). However, the drought conditions in spring made salinity levels rise. Salinity stayed above the average daily range at all stations through July but was most pronounced at Pine Island (Figure 4.6 (a)). Salinity levels decreased to below the historic average daily range at all four stations in late August through September (Figure 4.6 (a); Figure 4.6 (b); Figure 4.6 (c); Figure 4.6 (d)).

4.2 Data

4.2.1 Rainfall

(a) Quarterly total precipitation for 2024.

(b) Monthly total precipitation for 2024.

(c) Daily rainfall totals for days with more than 1mm of day.

(d) Hourly rainfall intensity counts by category per month.

Figure 4.1: Rainfall at the Pellicer Creek weather station.

Table 4.1: Top five highest monthly rainfall totals.
Month Year Total Precipitation (mm)
May 2009 451.0
Sep 2024 427.1
Sep 2022 399.3
Sep 2017 394.4
Sep 2004 339.9

(a) Total precipitation for September 2002-2024.

(b) Monthly total precipitation 2002-2024.

(c) Annual precipitation totals Jan 2002-Sept 2024.

(d) Annual precipitation totals Jan 2002-Sept 2024.

Figure 4.2: Rainfall at the Pellicer Creek weather station.

4.2.2 Light Intensity

The plot below is interactive. Clicking on elements in the legend (months) will select or deselect months of interest. Additionally, the axis can be adjusted by selecting portions of the plot to isolate.

Figure 4.3: Total light intensity by time of day for each month based on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data collected at the Pellicer Creek weather station.

4.2.3 Temperature

Air and water temperatures are presented as daily averages (blue line) with historic ranges (daily range and average daily range) provided in shades of gray.

Figure 4.4: Historical daily range of air temperature at the SWMP weather station with current year daily average overlaid in blue.

(a) Pine Island

(b) San Sebastian

(c) Fort Matanzas

(d) Pellicer Creek

Figure 4.5: Historical daily range of water temperature at each SWMP water quality station with current year daily average overlaid in blue.

4.2.4 Salinity

(a) Pine Island

(b) San Sebastian

(c) Fort Matanzas

(d) Pellicer Creek

Figure 4.6: Historical daily range of salinity at each SWMP water quality station with current year daily average overlaid in blue.